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Week 09 Questions:
Mind & Reality
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\section{Recording of Whole-Class Live Question Session}
\emph{Reading:} §Nelson, Michael. ‘Existence’. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Summer 2020. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/existence/., §Efird, David. Is Timothy Williamson a Necessary Existent? Modality. Oxford University Press. Accessed 10 December 2020. https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565818.001.0001/acprof-9780199565818-chapter-6., §Williamson, Timothy. ‘Necessary Existents’. In Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, edited by A. O’Hear, 269–87. Cambridge University Press, 2002., §Crane, Tim. The Objects of Thought. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Philosophy is done by asking questions.
Nischhal
an observation of
‘a card which has neither a vowel or an even number on either side
should not count as evidence for the hypothesis.’
‘If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side.’
(Waison & Johnson-Laird, 1972)
Ayesha will not stop for any red light
Nischhal
an observation of
‘a card which has neither a vowel or an even number on either side
should not count as evidence for the hypothesis. It should not count as evidence at all’
Hempel : an observation of such a card is always evidence, just very weak evidence
[always]
Godfrey-Smith : an observation of such a card is sometimes but not always evidence (depending on the procedure)
[sometimes]
Hemli
Does personal essentialism allow for things that are persons to at one
point not have existed at some earlier point,
and to stop existing in the future,
or
must they
have always existed and continue to exist (like God in classical theism)?
person essentialism : every person is a person essentially
Nothing that is in fact a person could possibly exist without being a person.
Personal essentialism does allow for things that are persons to at one
point not have existed at some earlier point.
Hemli (continued)
‘then would the definition of personal essentialism become; ‘being a person is not an accidental but an essential property during the time of which that thing which is a person exists?’
What doesn't exist cannot have properties.
‘Was I still a person before I existed [...] and will I still be a person after I die and cease to exist?’
‘there is a proof of my necessary existence, a proof that generalizes to everything whatsoever’
Williamson, 2002
‘Williamson necessarily exists, but it is not necessary that he exists.’
Efrid, 2010 p. 107
I don’t understand this
Hemli (continued)
‘then would the definition of personal essentialism become; ‘being a person is not an accidental but an essential property during the time of which that thing which is a person exists?’
What doesn't exist cannot have properties.
‘Was I still a person before I existed [...] and will I still be a person after I die and cease to exist?’
Are there nonexistent individuals? If so, can they have properties?
‘whenever someone thinks, there is something they think about. Some of
the things they think about exist, and some of them do not. There are
truths and falsehoods about the non-existent things they think about.’
Crane, 2013 p. 3
Hemli (continued)
‘then would the definition of personal essentialism become; ‘being a person is not an accidental but an essential property during the time of which that thing which is a person exists?’
What doesn't exist cannot have properties.
‘Was I still a person before I existed [...] and will I still be a person after I die and cease to exist?’
not covered in the recording
McKenna
Hello! I have a question about action! If you do something
subconsciously, such as tapping your foot, does it not count as an action
because you don't intend to do it? How does it differ to if you meant to
tap your foot, as surely the outcome is the same?
The 2 hour exam in term 3 ...
Will it be open book? Yes
Do you expect it to happen online or in person? Online